Quality and Patient Safety Culture 

Baker, R. G. (2014). Governance, policy and system-level efforts to support safer healthcare. Healthc Q, 17 Spec No, 21-26.
Over the past 10 years there have been concerted efforts across Canada to create safer healthcare systems both by improving practices at the frontline and by creating an environment that encourages the development of effective safety practices and a safety culture.

Bassett, S., & Westmore, K. (2012). How nurse leaders can foster a climate of good governance. Nurs Manag (Harrow), 19(5), 22-24. doi:10.7748/nm2012.09.19.5.22.c9261
This article is the first in a series of four examining the components of good corporate governance. Poor governance can result in patients receiving poor quality care; all healthcare professionals, therefore, have a role in ensuring effective governance.

Best, A., Saul, J., & Willis, C. (2013). Doing the dance of culture change: complexity, evidence and leadership. Healthc Pap, 13(1), 64-68; discussion 78-82.
The challenge of culture change in hospitals must address three distinct but interwoven tensions: the need to shift paradigm and understand healthcare as a complex adaptive system; the challenge of knitting together the contributions of both evidence-based medicine and practice-based evidence; and the critical role of distributed, problem-focused leadership.

Bishop, A. C., & Boyle, T. A. (2014). The Role of Safety Culture in Influencing Provider Perceptions of Patient Safety. J Patient Saf. doi:10.1097/pts.0000000000000092
OBJECTIVES: To determine how provider perceptions of safety culture influence their involvement in patient safety practices.

Bishop, A. C., & Cregan, B. R. (2015). Patient safety culture: finding meaning in patient experiences. Int J Health Care Qual Assur, 28(6), 595-610. doi:10.1108/ijhcqa-03-2014-0029
PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to determine what patient and family stories can tell us about patient safety culture within health care organizations and how patients experience patient safety culture.

Boysen, P. G., 2nd. (2013). Just culture: a foundation for balanced accountability and patient safety. Ochsner J, 13(3), 400-406.
BACKGROUND: The framework of a just culture ensures balanced accountability for both individuals and the organization responsible for designing and improving systems in the workplace. Engineering principles and human factors analysis influence the design of these systems so they are safe and reliable.

Bush, H. (2013). Creating a culture of safety. Trustee, 66(7), 8-12, 11.
Trustees and CEOs from several hospitals share their strategies for organizationwide reductions in harm.

Bush, H. (2013). Creating a culture of safety. Trustee, 66(7), 8-12, 11.
Trustees and CEOs from several hospitals share their strategies for organizationwide reductions in harm.

DiCuccio, M. H. (2015). The Relationship Between Patient Safety Culture and Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review. J Patient Saf, 11(3), 135-142. doi:10.1097/pts.0000000000000058
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the state of research connecting patient safety culture and patient outcomes to determine nurse-sensitive patient outcomes that have been significantly correlated to culture of safety and commonly used tools to measure culture of safety in the studies with significant correlations.

Flemons, W. W., Feasby, T. E., & Wright, B. (2011). Building a safety and quality culture in healthcare: where it starts. Healthc Pap, 11(3), 41-47; discussion 79-83.
Healthcare in Canada underachieves stakeholders' expectations for safe, high-quality care. The authors maintain that a common understanding of, and vision for, what is required to achieve improved outcomes for patients is missing.

Ginsburg, L. R., Tregunno, D., Norton, P. G., Mitchell, J. I., & Howley, H. (2014). 'Not another safety culture survey': using the Canadian patient safety climate survey (Can-PSCS) to measure provider perceptions of PSC across health settings. BMJ Qual Saf, 23(2), 162-170. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002220.
BACKGROUND: The importance of a strong safety culture for enhancing patient safety has been stated for over a decade in healthcare. However, this complex construct continues to face definitional and measurement challenges.

Halligan, M. H., Zecevic, A., Kothari, A. R., Salmoni, A. W., & Orchard, T. (2014). Understanding safety culture in long-term care: a case study. J Patient Saf, 10(4), 192-201. doi:10.1097/PTS.0b013e31829d4ae7
OBJECTIVES: This case study aimed to understand safety culture in a high-risk secured unit for cognitively impaired residents in a long-term care (LTC) facility. Specific objectives included the following: diagnosing the present level of safety culture maturity using the Patient Safety Culture Improvement Tool (PSCIT), examining the barriers to a positive safety culture, and identifying actions for improvement.

Hershey, K. (2015). Culture of safety. Nurs Clin North Am, 50(1), 139-152. doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2014.10.011
In this article, the principles behind high-reliability organizations and a culture of safety are explored. Three areas in which health care has the greatest potential for improvement in safety culture are also discussed: a nonpunitive response to error; handoffs and transitions; and safe staffing.

Kaufman, G., & McCaughan, D. (2013). The effect of organisational culture on patient safety. Nurs Stand, 27(43), 50-56. doi:10.7748/ns2013.06.27.43.50.e7280
This article explores the links between organisational culture and patient safety. The key elements associated with a safety culture, most notably effective leadership, good teamwork, a culture of learning and fairness, and fostering patient-centred care, are discussed.

Manojlovich, M., Kerr, M., Davies, B., Squires, J., Mallick, R., & Rodger, G. L. (2014). Achieving a climate for patient safety by focusing on relationships. Int J Qual Health Care, 26(6), 579-584. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzu068
OBJECTIVE: Despite many initiatives, advances in patient safety remain uneven in part because poor relationships among health professionals have not been addressed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether relationships between health professionals contributed to a patient safety climate, after implementation of an intervention to improve inter-professional collaboration.

McFadden, K. L., Stock, G. N., & Gowen, C. R., 3rd. (2015). Leadership, safety climate, and continuous quality improvement: impact on process quality and patient safety. Health Care Manage Rev, 40(1), 24-34. doi:10.1097/hmr.0000000000000006
BACKGROUND: Successful amelioration of medical errors represents a significant problem in the health care industry. There is a need for greater understanding of the factors that lead to improved process quality and patient safety outcomes in hospitals.

Mitchell, J. I. (2012). Work life and patient safety culture in Canadian healthcare: connecting the quality dots using national accreditation results. Healthc Q, 15(1), 51-58.
Fostering quality work life is paramount to building a strong patient safety culture in healthcare organizations. Data from two patient safety culture and work-life questionnaires used for Accreditation Canada's national program were analyzed.

Morello, R. T., Lowthian, J. A., Barker, A. L., McGinnes, R., Dunt, D., & Brand, C. (2013). Strategies for improving patient safety culture in hospitals: a systematic review. BMJ Qual Saf, 22(1), 11-18. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2011-000582
PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of patient safety culture strategies to improve hospital patient safety climate.

Verbakel, N. J., Langelaan, M., Verheij, T. J., Wagner, C., & Zwart, D. L. (2014). Improving Patient Safety Culture in Primary Care: A Systematic Review. J Patient Saf. doi:10.1097/pts.0000000000000075
OBJECTIVES: To review literature on the use of interventions that effect patient safety culture in primary care.

Weaver, S. J., Lubomksi, L. H., Wilson, R. F., Pfoh, E. R., Martinez, K. A., & Dy, S. M. (2013). Promoting a culture of safety as a patient safety strategy: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med, 158(5 Pt 2), 369-374. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-158-5-201303051-00002
Developing a culture of safety is a core element of many efforts to improve patient safety and care quality. This systematic review identifies and assesses interventions used to promote safety culture or climate in acute care settings.

Zaheer, S., Ginsburg, L., Chuang, Y. T., & Grace, S. L. (2015). Patient safety climate (PSC) perceptions of frontline staff in acute care hospitals: examining the role of ease of reporting, unit norms of openness, and participative leadership. Health Care Manage Rev, 40(1), 13-23. doi:10.1097/hmr.0000000000000005
BACKGROUND: Increased awareness regarding the importance of patient safety issues has led to the proliferation of theoretical conceptualizations, frameworks, and articles that apply safety experiences from high-reliability industries to medical settings.